A good seat pad does something subtle but real: it takes a chair that was fine for about fifteen minutes and makes it something you can sit in through an entire dinner, a long conversation, a whole football game at the kitchen table. The good ones have some give but push back, they don't flatten out into a pancake the moment someone sits down, and the fabric has a bit of tooth to it rather than that slick, cold feel of something cheap. Tie the thing down and it should stay put when you scoot the chair in, not slide half off the seat the first time your elbow catches it.
When one arrives, or you're holding it in a store, check the corners first, because that's where the stitching gives up and the filling starts migrating out into lumps. Press down hard in the middle with the flat of your hand, like you're testing a mattress, and feel whether it rebounds evenly or whether there's a hollow where the filling has already shifted in the package. Look at the ties or the elastic loop on the back, because that's the part that actually does the holding, and if it's a flimsy ribbon stapled on rather than sewn through a tab, it's going to tear off inside a year of normal use.
Over time, the filling is what tells you the truth about the pad. Foam compresses and eventually stays compressed, which is fine for a while and then suddenly isn't, you sit down one day and feel the chair underneath you again. Fiber fill is softer at first and flattens faster, especially on a chair that gets used daily, so it needs a shake out and a fluff every couple of weeks the way you'd punch up a couch cushion. Washing matters more than people expect, since these sit under plates, drinks, the occasional toddler elbow, so a removable cover you can actually machine wash beats one that says "spot clean only" and means it.
Measure the seat itself, not the chair's outer frame, and measure to just inside any arms or spindles so the pad sits flush rather than curling up at the edges. On a dining chair I like it sitting a little proud of the front edge, not hanging off it, and on a kitchen stool I'd rather go slightly smaller than fight with ties looping around a narrow seat all evening.
On a chair that's been making people stand up early for years, one of these quietly changes how long they stay.